Causes

• Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by a specific strain of the bacteria E.coli. Children who come into contact with the feces of humans or animals are at risk of ingesting the bacteria. This can be through drinking contaminated water. Very rarely, E. coli can get into food during processing. Drinking unprocessed milk or eating raw fruits and vegetables that may have been in contact with animals also puts children at risk of ingesting E. coli and developing HUS.
  
  

Symptoms

• HUS impacts the kidneys, so many symptoms associated with kidney problems apply to the condition. Swelling, decreased urination, fever, fatigue and irritability are some of these symptoms. Generally, HUS develops after several days of diarrhea. Bruising may also occur in HUS patients. Contact your doctor if your child has any combination of these symptoms, even if you do not think she has been exposed to E. coli.
  
  

Treatment

• There are several essential treatments for HUS patients. They may need blood or platelet transfusions to replace red blood cells or to help the body with clotting. In addition, kidney dialysis may be necessary to allow the kidneys to fully recover and begin to work well on their own.
  
  

Possible Complications

• Perhaps the most severe complication of HUS is sudden kidney failure. About half of HUS patients experience this. As a result of kidney failure, children may experience lifelong high blood pressure or chronic kidney failure. HUS patients are also at risk for heart problems and stroke.
  
  

Long-Term Effects

• Most children with hemolytic uremic syndrome fully recover with timely and appropriate care. In rare cases, children may require a restricted diet and drugs to lower blood pressure as long-term treatments.