History of Russian Wood Flooring
Masters of Ancient Russia has long been familiar with the principle of laying a parquet floor. Art itself devices such floors developed independently. Thus, in the XVI century flooring laid from oak staves, the stacking pattern, which was called " herringbone ". Rivets mainly laid on the base of the rough sawn softwood, mainly pine. Factors such as the widespread folk art wood carving skills in the art processing and laying the floor in the ancient Russian architecture - created all the prerequisites for the rapid development of artistic parquet in Russia.
XVII century - the most common technique of laying parquet was the way the so-called " oak brick ": of parquet in the form of bricks laid on a mortar base, the joints between the bricks oak filled with lime, mixed with the resin. Along the walls are sometimes made ​​oak curb. In Russia, the wood floors have become an integral component in the design room only during this period. They are designed and manufactured together with the walls and ceilings. Although such parquet knew in Russia before ( was already known to Dmitrov Cathedral in Vladimir, on St. Basil's Cathedral and the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow), but unlike those floors by the end of XVII century it became more adept in the artistic sense.
By this time in Europe became particularly popular " art " flooring, which is manufactured in a special way. Worked on it cabinetmakers who chased each planochki from rare wood. As one of the elements of European culture, with the filing of Peter I, this trend has been introduced in the Russian city planning. The historical fact is that highly artistic wood carving and metal flourished in the XVII century in Moscow ( workshops Armory ). In 1711, Peter I shut these workshops, and carvers sent by construction work on the northern capital. These masters were used in the manufacture of parquet Admiralty Petersburg palaces. Innovation, applied in laying floors of buildings in St. Petersburg, it was soon picked up by the Moscow city planners.
In the studies used domestic hardwood species ( birch, oak, maple, walnut, pine, larch, pear, alder, apple, juniper, ash, beech, hornbeam ). In addition, the steel used rare and expensive imported varieties of trees. Among them were the Brazilian species: yakandra (kind of rosewood ), zhikitba ( mulberry ), Tsebro, etc. From chefraz expensive breeds can be called black ebony ( " overseas black birch " ). Purple achieved with rosewood, rose-tone wood is different amaranth. Also used in the laying of parquet: yellow, red sandalwood, tobacco tree, Satin ( Satin ) tree, palmogut, olive oil, iron, fernebukovoe trees, yew, plane, white and red cypress, thuja, boxwood. All this variety of patterns and colors of wood made ​​it possible to gain exclusive patterns parquet floors. Depending on the flooring material carried various names. Dialed from imported trees called colored flooring. There was also polutsvetnoy - dialed from mixed ( local and imported ) species, piece - typed entirely of native tree species, oak.
In the XVIII century master could put a year a few square yards of flooring ( one square yard = 710-710 mm). He boiled the famous fish glue leather sturgeon used independently chopped wood flooring and tools of their own making, the names of which ( zynzubeli, sherhebelem, tsynubili ) for us to sound strange and even exotic.
One of the best feature parquet is preserved at the China Palace ( Lomonosov ). Do not yield to him and parquet in the Ostankino Palace Museum in Moscow. Art parquet palace is considered one of the most impressive examples of Russian decorative art. The principle of symmetry in the design of the palace is combined with concise and solemn interior design of the building. Parquet Ostankino Palace is made in panel form. Each panel is of a pine boards on which fish glue pasted the front layer. The thickness of the layer colored wood - 15-18 mm. In the palace there is no room in which a repeated pattern parquet.
In the XIX century the famous examples of art parquet laid out in the State Russian Museum and Winter Palace. And in that same century art artistic parquet is enjoying his sunset. By the last quarter century there a fair amount of factories, specializing in the volume production of parquet.
In St. Petersburg, had three factories, manufactures flooring. In Moscow - eight. Gradually, the number of factories increased and expanded their geography. In 1914, the parquet in Russia is produced by 85 companies. It is that time and should be considered the beginning of the application flooring in residential construction.
In the XX century, factory flooring is widely used in the construction of residential buildings, art is almost completely disappears until about mid- century. Masters of art parquet work on the restoration of works of art, and working on a new parquet revived only in connection with the construction of skyscrapers in Moscow.
The revival of artistic parquet began with restoration work. But so far failed to recover all the technological secrets of master parquet floor. Technology laying parquet constantly improving, there are new materials: parquet adhesives, paints and equipment for sanding, polishing parquet. Along with traditional hardwood floors is a growing laminate flooring, laminate flooring. But, in spite of modern materials and technology, laying artistic parquet - still a lot of art, hard work of a true master.
To parquet floor served long and look like new, it needs to be protected from scratching the furniture and other items. To protect the hardwood floor felt pads [http://feltpadsforhardwoodfloors.etizo.com] are widely used for furniture. This is a cheap and reliable protection.
XVII century - the most common technique of laying parquet was the way the so-called " oak brick ": of parquet in the form of bricks laid on a mortar base, the joints between the bricks oak filled with lime, mixed with the resin. Along the walls are sometimes made ​​oak curb. In Russia, the wood floors have become an integral component in the design room only during this period. They are designed and manufactured together with the walls and ceilings. Although such parquet knew in Russia before ( was already known to Dmitrov Cathedral in Vladimir, on St. Basil's Cathedral and the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow), but unlike those floors by the end of XVII century it became more adept in the artistic sense.
By this time in Europe became particularly popular " art " flooring, which is manufactured in a special way. Worked on it cabinetmakers who chased each planochki from rare wood. As one of the elements of European culture, with the filing of Peter I, this trend has been introduced in the Russian city planning. The historical fact is that highly artistic wood carving and metal flourished in the XVII century in Moscow ( workshops Armory ). In 1711, Peter I shut these workshops, and carvers sent by construction work on the northern capital. These masters were used in the manufacture of parquet Admiralty Petersburg palaces. Innovation, applied in laying floors of buildings in St. Petersburg, it was soon picked up by the Moscow city planners.
In the studies used domestic hardwood species ( birch, oak, maple, walnut, pine, larch, pear, alder, apple, juniper, ash, beech, hornbeam ). In addition, the steel used rare and expensive imported varieties of trees. Among them were the Brazilian species: yakandra (kind of rosewood ), zhikitba ( mulberry ), Tsebro, etc. From chefraz expensive breeds can be called black ebony ( " overseas black birch " ). Purple achieved with rosewood, rose-tone wood is different amaranth. Also used in the laying of parquet: yellow, red sandalwood, tobacco tree, Satin ( Satin ) tree, palmogut, olive oil, iron, fernebukovoe trees, yew, plane, white and red cypress, thuja, boxwood. All this variety of patterns and colors of wood made ​​it possible to gain exclusive patterns parquet floors. Depending on the flooring material carried various names. Dialed from imported trees called colored flooring. There was also polutsvetnoy - dialed from mixed ( local and imported ) species, piece - typed entirely of native tree species, oak.
In the XVIII century master could put a year a few square yards of flooring ( one square yard = 710-710 mm). He boiled the famous fish glue leather sturgeon used independently chopped wood flooring and tools of their own making, the names of which ( zynzubeli, sherhebelem, tsynubili ) for us to sound strange and even exotic.
One of the best feature parquet is preserved at the China Palace ( Lomonosov ). Do not yield to him and parquet in the Ostankino Palace Museum in Moscow. Art parquet palace is considered one of the most impressive examples of Russian decorative art. The principle of symmetry in the design of the palace is combined with concise and solemn interior design of the building. Parquet Ostankino Palace is made in panel form. Each panel is of a pine boards on which fish glue pasted the front layer. The thickness of the layer colored wood - 15-18 mm. In the palace there is no room in which a repeated pattern parquet.
In the XIX century the famous examples of art parquet laid out in the State Russian Museum and Winter Palace. And in that same century art artistic parquet is enjoying his sunset. By the last quarter century there a fair amount of factories, specializing in the volume production of parquet.
In St. Petersburg, had three factories, manufactures flooring. In Moscow - eight. Gradually, the number of factories increased and expanded their geography. In 1914, the parquet in Russia is produced by 85 companies. It is that time and should be considered the beginning of the application flooring in residential construction.
In the XX century, factory flooring is widely used in the construction of residential buildings, art is almost completely disappears until about mid- century. Masters of art parquet work on the restoration of works of art, and working on a new parquet revived only in connection with the construction of skyscrapers in Moscow.
The revival of artistic parquet began with restoration work. But so far failed to recover all the technological secrets of master parquet floor. Technology laying parquet constantly improving, there are new materials: parquet adhesives, paints and equipment for sanding, polishing parquet. Along with traditional hardwood floors is a growing laminate flooring, laminate flooring. But, in spite of modern materials and technology, laying artistic parquet - still a lot of art, hard work of a true master.
To parquet floor served long and look like new, it needs to be protected from scratching the furniture and other items. To protect the hardwood floor felt pads [http://feltpadsforhardwoodfloors.etizo.com] are widely used for furniture. This is a cheap and reliable protection.
