How Is Influenza Spread?
- There are two types of influenza virus that are commonly spread: type A and type B. The virus is spread from person to person through drops of moisture. The moisture drops infected with the influenza virus are typically spread by coughing, sneezing, talking closely to someone else's face, kissing, and using utensils (phones, pens, etc.) that have come into contact with infected drops of moisture. When a person inhales these infected drops of moisture, it is highly likely they will contract the influenza virus.
Once the virus is inhaled, it comes in contact with cells lining the upper air passages. The influenza virus penetrates these cells, and reproduces within them. Replicated influenza viruses are released from the infected cells, which in turn infect other cells along the respiratory tract.
The virus can be spread by an infected person from 24 hours before the onset of symptoms, to three to five days after the onset of illness. Most cases of influenza occur during the winter months. - Those who are very vulnerable to the influenza virus include babies, small children, the elderly and those with a compromised immune system. The results of contracting influenza range from a few days of discomfort (fever, aching joints, coughing, etc) to death; it all depends on the health and vulnerability of the person who contracts the illness.
- The best ways to prevent the spread of influenza are cleanliness and vaccination. Whether they have the illness or not, people should ensure they cover their mouths and nose when they sneeze and cough, wash their hands after sneezing and coughing, use hand sanitizer after touching public phones, ATMs, and handling money, and be sure to boost their immune system by taking vitamins or eating plenty of vitamin-rich fruits, vegetables and foods.
Influenza vaccinations are recommended especially for caregivers of small children and the elderly, and those who come in frequent contact with those who are likely to carry the influenza virus.