Deaths

• During the Rwandan genocide, Tutsi people and those suspected of being Tutsi were routinely tortured and killed as they tried to escape. More than 800,000 men, women and children died during the 100-day genocide, according to the United Human Rights Council. Approximately two-thirds of the Rwanda's Tutsi population died and many Hutus who opposed the genocide were also murdered.
  
  

Change in Government and Exodus

• The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was a rebel group established by a group of Tutsi refugees living in Uganda as well as some Hutus. This mission of this group was to overthrow President Habyarimana and return to Rwanda. This group is attributed with ending the genocide through its continued efforts. In July 1994, the RPF captured the Rwandan capital Kigali. With this victory, the country's Hutu government collapsed and the RPF's leader Paul Kagame eventually became the new president. Many Hutu fled to the Democratic Republic of Congo (then Zaire) as Tutsi rebel forces began to establish control in Rwanda. As many as two million Hutu fled to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
  
  

Continued Conflict

• Many of the Hutu who fled to the DRC were people who had committed atrocities during the genocide. The presence of these perpetrators has caused conflict to arise in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This ongoing conflict has led to as many as five million deaths in the country. Additionally, Rwanda's now Tutsi-led government has invaded the DRC twice in an effort to eliminate Hutu forces. Additionally, a Tutsi rebel group has been established in the DRC. This group refuses to stop fighting under the justification that to do so would put the country at risk of genocide.
  
  

Punishments & Revenge

• The United Nations established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) after the end of the genocide to try those charged with participating in the massacre. In 1998, the ICTR issued convictions on the charge of genocide against the former mayor of a Rwandan town as well as the country's former prime minister. Rwanda also took steps to punish those who participated in the massacre. Approximately 120,000 people were jailed and some were eventually sentenced to death. Many others died in jail due to brutality and unsanitary conditions. The genocide has also led some Tutsi to believe that the only way to ensure their safety is to oppress the Hutu. This has led to a response among Hutu that they are being punished regardless of whether or not they participated in the massacre. As a result, extremists within both groups continue to believe that ethnic cleansing is the only solution, creating fears of future genocides.