Bone Mass and Body Composition in Children With Obesity
Bone Mass and Body Composition in Children With Obesity
A total of 65 children were recruited, 26 with HO (glioma n = 9, craniopharyngioma n = 7, germinoma n = 5, astrocytoma n = 3, medulloblastoma n = 2), 17 with CH and 22 with SO. Auxological, hormonal deficiency and body composition data are shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 respectively.
The SO group was taller and heavier compared with the HO and CH groups (P < 0·01), although BMI was only significantly higher in this group compared with the CH group (P < 0·01) (Table 1).
A positive relationship was shown between total BMC and fat mass in all subject groups [r = 0·641] (Fig 1), and there was also a positive relationship between total BMC and lean body mass (Fig 2) [r = 0·801]. The relationship with lean mass appeared to be stronger compared with fat mass, although this was not statistically significant. BMC for lean body mass was reduced in all 3 groups compared with the normal population (Table 3). An elevated BMD SDS was seen in the SO group compared with the HO and CH groups. When bone mineral content was adjusted for height and lean body mass, no differences were seen between the groups. All three groups had similar-sized bones [(bone area for height – BAH)], implying there is no size-adjusted difference in bone mass. Lean body mass for height was similar in all groups. No differences were seen in the muscle-to-fat ratio between groups.
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 1.
Relationship between total BMC and fat mass.
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 2.
Relationship between total BMC and lean mass.
Although no differences were seen between the groups, all groups have larger bones compared with the normal population as demonstrated by the higher BAH. Lean body mass for height was also greater compared with the normal population.
Accelerometer data were only available in 35 subjects (Table 4), due to missing/lost data in other subjects (HO = 18, CH = 10, SO = 7).The number of active minutes and the percentage activity (active minutes/total minutes × 100) were higher in the HO group; however, this was not statistically significant.
Statistical differences were seen between groups in terms of the intensity of activity per active minute (P < 0·05), with the HO having the lowest intensity of activity.
Leptin levels were high in the HO group compared with the other groups, although this was not significant (P = 0·07) (Table 3). However, statistically significant differences were seen between the groups when leptin was adjusted for fat mass (P < 0·01). These differences remained when leptin levels were also adjusted for sex, age and puberty.
No differences in leptin levels were seen between the CH and SO groups.
Leptin levels after adjusting for fat mass were highest in the HO group and significantly raised compared with the SO group (P < 0·01).
The HO group had significantly higher adiponectin levels compared with the other two groups (P < 0·05). This difference persisted even when adiponectin levels were adjusted for total fat mass, sex, age and puberty (P < 0·05).
The relationship of BMC with leptin and adiponectin was not significant [r = 0·046 and r = 0·003, respectively].
Results
A total of 65 children were recruited, 26 with HO (glioma n = 9, craniopharyngioma n = 7, germinoma n = 5, astrocytoma n = 3, medulloblastoma n = 2), 17 with CH and 22 with SO. Auxological, hormonal deficiency and body composition data are shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 respectively.
The SO group was taller and heavier compared with the HO and CH groups (P < 0·01), although BMI was only significantly higher in this group compared with the CH group (P < 0·01) (Table 1).
A positive relationship was shown between total BMC and fat mass in all subject groups [r = 0·641] (Fig 1), and there was also a positive relationship between total BMC and lean body mass (Fig 2) [r = 0·801]. The relationship with lean mass appeared to be stronger compared with fat mass, although this was not statistically significant. BMC for lean body mass was reduced in all 3 groups compared with the normal population (Table 3). An elevated BMD SDS was seen in the SO group compared with the HO and CH groups. When bone mineral content was adjusted for height and lean body mass, no differences were seen between the groups. All three groups had similar-sized bones [(bone area for height – BAH)], implying there is no size-adjusted difference in bone mass. Lean body mass for height was similar in all groups. No differences were seen in the muscle-to-fat ratio between groups.
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 1.
Relationship between total BMC and fat mass.
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 2.
Relationship between total BMC and lean mass.
Although no differences were seen between the groups, all groups have larger bones compared with the normal population as demonstrated by the higher BAH. Lean body mass for height was also greater compared with the normal population.
Accelerometer data were only available in 35 subjects (Table 4), due to missing/lost data in other subjects (HO = 18, CH = 10, SO = 7).The number of active minutes and the percentage activity (active minutes/total minutes × 100) were higher in the HO group; however, this was not statistically significant.
Statistical differences were seen between groups in terms of the intensity of activity per active minute (P < 0·05), with the HO having the lowest intensity of activity.
Leptin levels were high in the HO group compared with the other groups, although this was not significant (P = 0·07) (Table 3). However, statistically significant differences were seen between the groups when leptin was adjusted for fat mass (P < 0·01). These differences remained when leptin levels were also adjusted for sex, age and puberty.
No differences in leptin levels were seen between the CH and SO groups.
Leptin levels after adjusting for fat mass were highest in the HO group and significantly raised compared with the SO group (P < 0·01).
The HO group had significantly higher adiponectin levels compared with the other two groups (P < 0·05). This difference persisted even when adiponectin levels were adjusted for total fat mass, sex, age and puberty (P < 0·05).
The relationship of BMC with leptin and adiponectin was not significant [r = 0·046 and r = 0·003, respectively].