How Does a Decongestant Work?
- Swelling of the mucus membrane tissue in the nose due to a cold, the flu or allergies causes difficulty breathing. According to FamilyDoctor.org, decongestants reduce blood flow to the blood vessels and thus reduce this swelling. A decongestant spray affects only the blood vessels and the tissue in the nose. Oral medications affect all of the blood vessels in the body. Side effects are uncommon unless the decongestant interacts with other medications or it is taken over a long time period .
- Available in both oral and nasal forms, decongestants can be purchased over the counter. Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are the active drugs used in decongestants. Oral decongestants are frequently combined with antihistamines to help reduce itching and irritation. Read the label carefully to be aware of possible side effects or interactions with other drugs you may be taking.
- Oral and nasal decongestants can interact with other medications. Use caution if you take high blood pressure medication, diet pills, asthma medication, MAOIs or insulin. Consult with your physician or pharmacist about possible interactions. Nasal decongestants can also become addictive if taken for more than 3 days.