Molecular Level

• One of the ways in which detergents differ from soaps is in how the substance is made. Soaps are made with fatty acids or lye mixed with sodium. Detergents are manufactured chemical sulfates or sulfonate salts that chemically perform the same function as soap.
  
  

Surfactants

• Surfactant means any substance that is "surface active," which enables detergents to be used for various purposes. This is why detergents are used to clean out dirt and deposits from an engine with oil or from a fuel tank with gas.
  
  

Emulsifying

• Detergent can also be used in the process of emulsifying soil and grease, making it easier to remove them with water. Emulsifying simply means combining two liquids that normally do not mix easily.
  
  

Types

• Detergents can be used with different components for various purposes. Oxidants break down organic compounds to create a bleaching effect. Enzymes break down protein, fats and carbohydrates in order to remove these substances from many materials.
  
  

Facts

• Detergent has virtually replaced soap as a primary cleaning agent. Biodegradable detergents are becoming more commonplace, since consumers are becoming more aware of the effects of detergents on the environment.