Demographics and Perceived Insufficient Sleep in US Adults
Demographics and Perceived Insufficient Sleep in US Adults
Weighted population characteristics are shown in Table 1. Most individuals were married (60.1%), 17.0% were previously married (divorced, separated, or widowed), and 22.9% were never married or a member of an unmarried couple. More than half (57.0%) of adults had no children living in the household, while nearly one in ten (9.9%) had 3 or more children in the household. Frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days in past 30 days) was reported by 27.9% of the respondents. Women were more likely to report insufficient sleep than men (29.9% vs. 25.7%).
Among men, the prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 28.0% among those who had never married or were a member of an unmarried couple (Table 2). Compared to that group, the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep was similar in married men (24.3%; adjusted OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.1) but higher among men who were previously married (28.8%; adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3–1.6). The prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 22.5% among men with no children (Table 2). The prevalence increased with number of children with the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep being higher among men with ≥3 children (31.4%; adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2–1.4) compared to men with no children. There was a statistical interaction (P = 0.0217) between marital status and number of children among men. Frequent insufficient sleep was lowest for married men with no children (18.9%) (Fig. 1). After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and education in logistic regression analyses, the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep increased linearly with the number of children for currently married (P < 0.0001) and previously married men (P < 0.0001), but additional children in the household had no significant effect on the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep among men who were never married or were a member of an unmarried couple (P = 0.3536).
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 1.
Unadjusted prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days in past 30 days) among men by marital status and number of children in household. P-value of Wald-F test for linear trend for number of children indicated above corresponding bars was obtained from multivariate logistic regression analyses that included age, race/ethnicity, and education
Among women, the prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 33.4% among those who had never married or were a member of an unmarried couple (Table 2). The likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep was similar in married women (29.0%; adjusted OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.9–1.0) but higher among women who were previously married (29.0%; adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2–1.4). Similar relationships remained after including number of children in the logistic regression model. The prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 25.0% among women with no children (Table 2). The prevalence increased with the number of children such that the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep was higher among women with ≥3 children (39.3%; adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.4–1.6) compared to women with no children. This relationship remained significant after including number of children in the logistic regression model. There was no significant interaction (P = 0.3218) between marital status and number of children among women. Similar to the findings among men, frequent insufficient sleep was lowest for married women with no children (23.3%) (Fig. 2). After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and education in logistic regression analyses, the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep among women increased linearly with the number of children (P < 0.0001), regardless of marital status.
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 2.
Unadjusted prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days in past 30 days) among women by marital status and number of children in household. P-value of Wald-F test for linear trend for number of children indicated above corresponding bars was obtained from multivariate logistic regression analyses that included age race/ethnicity, and education
Results
Weighted population characteristics are shown in Table 1. Most individuals were married (60.1%), 17.0% were previously married (divorced, separated, or widowed), and 22.9% were never married or a member of an unmarried couple. More than half (57.0%) of adults had no children living in the household, while nearly one in ten (9.9%) had 3 or more children in the household. Frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days in past 30 days) was reported by 27.9% of the respondents. Women were more likely to report insufficient sleep than men (29.9% vs. 25.7%).
Among men, the prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 28.0% among those who had never married or were a member of an unmarried couple (Table 2). Compared to that group, the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep was similar in married men (24.3%; adjusted OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.1) but higher among men who were previously married (28.8%; adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3–1.6). The prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 22.5% among men with no children (Table 2). The prevalence increased with number of children with the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep being higher among men with ≥3 children (31.4%; adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2–1.4) compared to men with no children. There was a statistical interaction (P = 0.0217) between marital status and number of children among men. Frequent insufficient sleep was lowest for married men with no children (18.9%) (Fig. 1). After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and education in logistic regression analyses, the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep increased linearly with the number of children for currently married (P < 0.0001) and previously married men (P < 0.0001), but additional children in the household had no significant effect on the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep among men who were never married or were a member of an unmarried couple (P = 0.3536).
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 1.
Unadjusted prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days in past 30 days) among men by marital status and number of children in household. P-value of Wald-F test for linear trend for number of children indicated above corresponding bars was obtained from multivariate logistic regression analyses that included age, race/ethnicity, and education
Among women, the prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 33.4% among those who had never married or were a member of an unmarried couple (Table 2). The likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep was similar in married women (29.0%; adjusted OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.9–1.0) but higher among women who were previously married (29.0%; adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2–1.4). Similar relationships remained after including number of children in the logistic regression model. The prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep was 25.0% among women with no children (Table 2). The prevalence increased with the number of children such that the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep was higher among women with ≥3 children (39.3%; adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.4–1.6) compared to women with no children. This relationship remained significant after including number of children in the logistic regression model. There was no significant interaction (P = 0.3218) between marital status and number of children among women. Similar to the findings among men, frequent insufficient sleep was lowest for married women with no children (23.3%) (Fig. 2). After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and education in logistic regression analyses, the likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep among women increased linearly with the number of children (P < 0.0001), regardless of marital status.
(Enlarge Image)
Figure 2.
Unadjusted prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days in past 30 days) among women by marital status and number of children in household. P-value of Wald-F test for linear trend for number of children indicated above corresponding bars was obtained from multivariate logistic regression analyses that included age race/ethnicity, and education
