Types

• There are three types of sleep apnea. Obstructive apnea is the most common; the airways are blocked, causing the sufferer to stop breathing a number of times during the night. Central apnea is a condition in which the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe. Mixed apnea is a combination of obstructive and central apnea. Obstructive apnea can be remedied with a CPAP machine and an apnea mask.
  
  

Function

• The Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy machine helps a person with obstructive apnea or mixed apnea breathe easier. It increases air pressure in the throat; this stops the airways from collapsing, so the patient can breathe. The CPAP machine comes with a mask that covers the nose and mouth or just the nose. The most common attachment is the mask that covers the nose.
  
  

Features

• The mask attaches to a tube that connects to the machine. The mask is usually triangular. There are quick-release clips for easy removal. For those who breathe through the mouth, there is a nose and mouth mask. Each mask is attached to headgear to hold the mask in place. Some have adjustable pads that rest on the forehead. Some accommodate glasses. Some have openings for oxygen.
  
  

Prevention/Solution

• When choosing a mask, fit is essential. Straps should be adjustable and not tight. There are different sizes, so if a small mask does not cover properly, move up to a medium. It is important that the mask have a proper seal; a mask that is too small or large will not maintain the needed seal, resulting in leakage and lower pressure. Make sure the hoses are no longer than 12 feet. Long hoses cannot maintain the required pressure.
  
  

Potential

• Besides the standard masks, there are new products that may work better for some people. Nasal pillows are two flexible pieces inserted into the nostrils. These are convenient for people with beards or mustaches. Oral appliances are available for people who breathe through their mouth; the appliance moves the lower jaw forward. Masks can be custom-made as well. Be sure that the mask will work with the specific headgear.