The Moringa Species
- The Moringa arborea tree is endemic to Kenya. During the summer, Moringa arborea trees produce pale pink and wine red flowers. Morniga arborea was discovered by English botanists Allan Radcliffe-Smith and Peter Bally in 1972. This tree is considered vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. According to the Missouri Botanical Gardens, Kenyans use the roots of Moringa arborea for medicinal purposes.
- Also known as the bottle tree, Moringa drouhardii is native to Madagascar. This tree only grows in southern Madagascar's Malagasy Forest. The Malagasy Forest features dry, deciduous trees such as the bottle tree. Natives of Madagascar use the bark of the bottle tree to alleviate colds and coughs. Bottle trees grow at an alarming rate, reaching heights of 9 to 10 feet after their first year. These trees are approximately 30 to 45 feet tall once they fully mature.
- Moringa hildebrandtii, or Hildebrandt's Moringa, is endemic to Madagascar and extinct in the wild. However, Hildebrandt's Moringa continues to thrive under cultivated environments. Historically, this tree grew on the west coast and southwest regions of Madagascar. The tree's original native range and cause of the tree's extinction are unknown. When mature, Hildebrandt's Moringa grows to over 45 feet. In May and June, Hildebrandt's Moringa produces clusters of white flowers.
- The horseradish tree, Moringa oleifera, has one of the widest distributions of all the Moringa trees. This tree is native to Africa, India, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Horseradish trees are slender trees growing up to 30 feet tall in the wild; horticulturists usually stunt the growth of cultivated horseradish trees to less than 5 feet. These trees produce creamy white flowers that have fragrant odors. The horseradish tree's seeds are edible and heavily harvested in India during March, April, September and October.
- Moringa stenopetala is known as the cabbage tree in English and haleko or shifara in Africa. This tree grows in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. Adult Moringa stenopetala specimens grow between 20 to 40 feet tall. Moringa stenopetala are able to grow at elevations of 3,000 feet above sea level. Horticulturists in Africa plant Moringa stenopetala as ornamental trees. The vegetation and fruits of Moringa stenopetala are edible for human consumption. These trees have a high drought tolerance.